Portugal’s capital, Lisbon, is a city steeped in history and culture. Among its many architectural gems stands the Panteão Nacional (National Pantheon), an iconic monument that serves as both a symbol of national pride and a final resting place for some of Portugal’s most distinguished personalities.
A Brief History
The Panteão Nacional’s story begins in the 17th century when it was originally conceived as the Church of Santa Engrácia. The first stone was laid in 1681 under the orders of King Joao V. However, due to several interruptions including financial difficulties and political turmoil, construction dragged on for centuries – earning it the nickname ‘the church that never ends’ among locals.
It wasn’t until 1966 – nearly three centuries later – that this Baroque masterpiece was finally completed and repurposed into what we now know as the National Pantheon.
Architectural Splendor
The architecture of Panteão Nacional is nothing short of breathtaking. Its design follows early Baroque style with influences from Italian architects like Borromini and Bernini. A significant feature is its large dome covered with white tiles which can be seen dominating Lisbon’s skyline from various viewpoints around the city.
The interior is equally impressive with marble floors, intricate woodwork, statues representing virtues such as Faith or Charity, beautiful azulejos (traditional Portuguese ceramic tiles) panels narrating scenes from Saint Engracia’s life and much more to admire.
Sacred Resting Place
Beyond its architectural grandeur, Panteão Nacional holds great significance as it houses tombs of some notable figures who have contributed immensely to Portuguese history and culture. This includes former presidents Manuel de Arriaga and Teófilo Braga; writers Almeida Garrett, Aquilino Ribeiro and Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen – the only woman buried here; fado singer Amália Rodrigues; and football legend Eusébio.
Each tombstone carries an epitaph that provides a glimpse into the life of these personalities. The most poignant perhaps is that of Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen which reads “Here lies, who was sea”, reflecting her deep connection with the ocean seen in many of her poems.
Panoramic Views
Visitors can also ascend to the terrace for a small fee where they are rewarded with panoramic views over Lisbon’s old quarter, the Tagus River and beyond. It’s one of those spots that offers a unique perspective on Lisbon’s beautiful cityscape making it worth every step up!
Practical Information
The Panteão Nacional is located in Alfama district, one of Lisbon’s oldest neighborhoods known for its narrow winding streets and colorful houses. It’s open from Tuesday to Sunday (10:00-17:00) with last admission at 16:30. Entry is free on Sundays until 14:00 for residents in national territory.
A visit to this monument allows you not just to appreciate great architecture but also get intimately acquainted with Portuguese history through its illustrious occupants. Whether you’re an architectural enthusiast or someone interested in Portuguese culture, Panteão Nacional should definitely feature on your Lisbon itinerary!
Frequently asked questions
What is the Panteão Nacional in Lisboa?
The Panteão Nacional, also known as the Church of Santa Engracia, is a 17th-century Baroque monument located in Lisbon, Portugal. It serves as both a church and a national pantheon dedicated to Portugal’s most distinguished citizens. Its construction began in 1682 but wasn’t completed until 1966 due to various historical events. The building stands out for its unique architectural features including an impressive dome and intricate interior detailing.
Who are some notable people buried at the Panteão Nacional?
The Panteão Nacional houses tombs of several significant figures from Portuguese history. This includes former presidents like Teófilo Braga and Manuel de Arriaga, writers such as Almeida Garrett and Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, Fado singer Amália Rodrigues among others. There’s also cenotaphs (empty tombs) honoring individuals like Vasco da Gama or Henry the Navigator who were initially buried elsewhere.
How can I visit the Panteão Nacional? What are its opening hours?
The Panteão Nacional is open to visitors from Tuesday to Sunday between 10:00 AM – 5:00 PM during winter months (October-May), while it extends until 6:00 PM during summer months (May-September). It remains closed on Mondays along with certain public holidays like New Year’s Day, Easter Sunday etc. Prior booking isn’t usually required unless you’re planning for group visits or guided tours.
Is there an admission fee for visiting the Panteão Nacional?
Yes, there is an admission fee for visiting this historic site. As of current rates adults have to pay €4 per person whereas seniors (over 65) and students get a discounted rate of €2. Free admission is granted to children under 12 years old, unemployed EU residents, disabled visitors with one companion among others. On Sundays and public holidays until 2:00 PM, access is free for all residents in Portugal.
What can I expect to see during my visit to the Panteão Nacional?
Visitors at the Panteão Nacional will be able to explore its stunning architecture featuring Corinthian-style columns, beautifully sculpted reliefs and an impressive dome providing panoramic views of Lisbon cityscape. Inside you’ll find tombs or memorials dedicated to notable Portuguese figures along with information about their life and achievements. The church also hosts occasional exhibitions showcasing art or historical artifacts related to Portuguese culture.
